Tuberculose bovina: obstáculo para o desenvolvimento rural da região de Santa Rosa

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis, which affects both dairy and beef cattle, has direct effects on animal production, bringing serious consequences to rural development. It causes losses to rural producers, compromising their permanence in the field, causing losses to the sector, bringing a series of concerns, both with the quality and health of the herd. Seeking to identify the perception of farmers diagnosed with bovine tuberculosis on the property, regarding the potential risk of the disease in maintaining the activity and the public policies to support the sector, in the municipalities of the region of regional supervision of Santa Rosa/RS. The study was qualitative to describe the actions of farmers with a diagnosis of zoonosis on the property, classified as an exploratory study. The study population consisted of farmers diagnosed with bovine tuberculosis in the period from 2015 to 2022, located in the Regional Supervision region of Santa Rosa - RS, FUNDESA managers and the technical team of agricultural health defense. The sample of farmers was divided into two groups, those who had a sanitary vacuum and those who had cases at slaughter, the sample selection was non-probabilistic using as reference the interview with at least ten properties in each group. The sample size was determined through the saturation method, using as a cut-off element, continuing in production with qualification in the production process or abandonment of the activity. For the sample of FUNDESA managers and the agricultural health defense technical team, two people were chosen from each of the groups, to compose the sample. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, based on pre-established questions for each of the study groups. From the collected data, a database was generated for each of the analysis groups, analyzed through the content analysis technique, and with the help of the Nvivo Software used in the creation of word clouds, by word frequency. It was evident that there is a neglect of zoonosis through legislation in cases identified at slaughter (institutional problem), compared to cases where the rural producer has cases identified at slaughter and does not have the obligation to carry out tests on the herd, maintaining a hidden risk on the property. There is a mismatch between the public indemnity policy to support the rural producer who has cases of the disease on the property and ends up having to sacrifice the animals, when he should have his rights assured. The productive loss allied to the negligence of the disease and the risk of contamination of the herd, were identified as obstacles to rural development.