Concepções de leitura e ensino: um estudo diagnóstico com professores do projeto "Ler & Educar - OBEDUC"

Abstract

The difficulties that our students have in reading and understanding a text, considering the cognitive processes, from the most peripheral to the highest, as well as the difficulties that teachers face to involve their students in based reading activities, are questions which have been discussed for more than three decades in Brazil, without presenting improvement. The data of national and international indices reveals that the problems still exist. Brazil achieved low results, as an example, in PISA test of reading, since 2000, and in 2012, the rate was worse than in 2009. These indices show gaps in the process of readers development, which means that, if Brazilian students show difficulties in reading comprehension, we need to assist this process, be ir initial or continued of teachers, in order to verify if they have been prepared to form proficient readers. This study was created from Focal Groups that were realized with médium and high shool teachers in public schools in the city of Chapecó. The Groups were realized in the Project Ler & Educar (Read and Educate) based on the continued preparation of public schools teachers in the state of Santa Catarina. The Project was part of the Education Observation Center (OBEDUC) and was divided into three groups: Chapecó, Florianópolis and Criciúma. This research has as objective to make the diagnosis what is the conception of reading that is base for the teachers task and how they understand the practice of teaching reading habilities in the classroom In order to accomplish this objective, the diagnosis is based on answers and interactions between teachers. The main questions for developing this analysis are: What do you understand by the word reading? What are the necessary tools/habilities for the reading to happen? Do you teach your student how to read? How do you teach? The theoretical framework of this study is based on the conceptions of reading according to Psycholinguistics and how this Science understands the process of teaching and working with reading in schools in order to form good readers. We assume the hypothesis that one of the problems related to the poor development in reading is based on the relationship between the conception teachers have of reading and how this conception has been reflecteed in the teaching process in the classroom. The data alalysed point to the teachers who have a formation without observating the relevance or studies of language or cognition, such as Psycholinguistics, for the process of the reader formation. The teachers in general, reveal a reading conception based on the common view, aiming the literary text. Based on the reading process, teachers asserted that the reading hability must be taught only in the primary grades, and in the subsequente grades, it is the teacher‟s role only motivate his or her students. Educators believe that the act of reading is associated with the decoding and nothing else, that is why they state that it is enough for the student to be literate to know the reading hability. These results seem to indicate a teacher formation that has not taken into consideration the Psycholinguistics theories from today in order to develop the reading hability in the classroom. Thereby, we have found schools which do not use the Science Discovery of Reading with the objective of forming their readers in any level.