Incidência da tuberculose no Brasil no período de 2017 a 2022 e perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the Koch bacillus, and it occurs through the inhalation of aerosols from the airways during the speech, sneezing, or coughing of individuals with active tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis incidence rates, as well as examine the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of reported cases of the disease. This study is an epidemiological investigation based on data collection from the Notifiable Diseases Information System concerning tuberculosis, limited to the years between 2017 and 2022, enabling the identification of determinants of disease variables in various regions of Brazil. Descriptive analysis of cases was conducted according to variables such as sex, age group, race/color, incarcerated population, homeless population, healthcare professionals, and treatment received. After analysis, it was found that 555,245 cases of tuberculosis were reported in the country during the specified period. The incidence rate of tuberculosis is higher in the Northern region. Additionally, the epidemiological profile of those affected refers to males, mixed-race individuals, young people aged 20 to 39 years, and those who did not receive treatment. The results of this study present a panorama similar to that observed in previous research on the subject. Epidemiological analysis allows understanding of the biological factors and social determinants of the disease, as well as the foundation of prevention and control strategies.