Biologia e composição centesimal de Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) alimentados com diferentes dietas alimentares

Abstract

According to analyzes carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), population growth will experience a significant increase, and meat production will not be able to keep up. Therefore, entomophagy emerges as an alternative food source, with high levels of vitamins, proteins, fiber, fat and micronutrients. Insects are easy to reproduce in large-scale farms and have good food conversion efficiency. The biology of Gryllus assimilis can be influenced by its diet, increasing or reducing its development time, fertility and fecundity. This work aims to establish the creation of G. assimilis, on a specific diet, considering its nutritional needs and biological parameters, the influence of the diet on the proximate composition. The methodology was carried out through the creation of insects in the laboratory at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, with controlled temperature, photophase and humidity, fed with food formulated by FAO (corn bran, soybean meal, corn oil, minerals) and water . The analyzes carried out were: G. assimilis fed with six different diets: FAO/Control, with cabbage, without corn oil, wheat germ, malt bagasse and peanut. The development of the young phase was evaluated with daily assessments to verify the mortality of the insects, when adults, weighed, separated by sex, maintained on a water diet (24 hours), slaughtered by freezing. For fertility and fertility, couples were assembled and eggs were collected. Adult mortality, fecundity and egg viability per couple were evaluated. The evaluations of the proximate composition were with adult insects (up to 24 hours), kept on a water diet, slaughtered by freezing, freeze-dried and ground to produce flour. Bromatological analyzes carried out with dry samples, including moisture content, ash content, crude protein content, total lipid content, total carbohydrate content and fatty acid profile. And statistical analysis with Tukey 5%. The results were that: the different diets influenced the biological parameters of G. assimilis. The duration of the young phase, shorter with the cabbage diet (51 days), the viability of nymphs greater on the cabbage and germ diets (48.37 and 38.47%). For weight, the kale, germ and pomace diets were higher (0.72, 0.70 and 0.75g). The longevity of females was greater in the bagasse and peanut diets. The highest fecundity in the bagasse (2897 eggs), germ (2464 eggs) and cabbage (2403 eggs) diets. All diets, except the one without oil, presented egg viability greater than 80%. The moisture content of the FAO/Control, kale, oil-free and germ diets did not differ from each other. For ash content, the kale diet differed from the others. Crude protein content in the FAO/Control, kale and oil- free diets were similar. Lipid content with wheat germ diet above 40%, carbohydrate content around 56%. And the profile of fatty acids with the presence of all in all diets. It is concluded that food supplementation can be carried out with the use of wheat germ and malt bagasse, providing opportunities for improvements for the individual's mass production.