Interação competitiva e nível de dano econômico de plantas voluntárias de soja e milho geneticamente modificados em culturas de verão

Abstract

The interference caused by volunteer plants, from seeds lost before or during harvest, can cause economic losses to farmers. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the competitive ability and the level of economic damage of corn hybrids, soybean and common bean cultivars at different densities of soybean and corn volunteers lost at harvest time. Experiments were conducted in the field in completely randomized design, with one replicate. Treatments consisted of different corn hybrids or soybean and common bean cultivars competing with volunteer soybean and corn densities that simulated crop losses. Variables evaluated in volunteer soybean and corn plants were plant density (DP), soil cover (CS), leaf area (AF) and shoot dry matter (MS). For corn, soybeans and beans, grain yield, control cost, product price, and efficiency of the herbicide used to control voluntary corn and soybean plants were evaluated. Voluntary corn and soybean plants cause high grain productivity losses in summer crops (corn, soybeans, and common bean). Corn hybrids, soybean and common bean cultivars have different competitive abilities, and the level of economic damage is directly related to these traits.