Entre a crítica e o delineamento de uma autêntica filosofia política no pensamento de Hannah Arendt

Abstract

This study seeks to understand the relationship between philosophy and politics that Hannah Arendt discovers in tradition; what is her comprehension of what politics is and to what extent her commitment in understanding leaves elements to think about a new and authentic political philosophy. To this end, the study initially seeks to show that, for Arendt, there is an evident separation between philosophy and politics, which brings serious damage to politics and political thought, the consequences of which appear throughout history. The genesis of this separation would have happened after Socrates's condemnation, with Plato prioritizing contemplation to the detriment of action, deforming the later by dislodging it from its inherent freedom, and the prior by dislodging it from the world and the meanings. Then, it begins to investigate the consequences of this separation in modernity, of a past that lost its authority in the face of changes in the modern world and the victory of animal laborans. Finally, it is investigated, based on the understanding undertaken by Hannah Arendt, about the activities of the spirit, mainly thinking and judging; and whether a solution to the open abyss is possible, relocating thought in the world, in the scope of meanings and human affairs, understanding action and freedom in their own dignity, moving from a philosophy that proposes to fundament, to a philosophy that seeks to comprehend. As a basic assumption, there is the notion of plurality, of each individual understood in their singularity and possibility of undertaking the new, in a world that is common. To illuminate the problems of this study, it was necessary to explore Arendt's work, in her main writings and discussions, which deal mainly with politics, the human condition, freedom, authority, thought and political judgment.