Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes acometidos por aneurisma de aorta

Abstract

Introduction: Aortic aneurysm is a permanent dilation of the aorta that exceeds 50% of its diameter. Its clinical significance is due to the high lethality of its rupture, in contrast to the low mortality rate of elective repair. Purpose: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with aortic aneurysm, compare the profiles of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic aneurysm, and analyze the predisposing factors for death. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, based on medical record review of patients hospitalized at a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul from January 2016 to December 2022. The study included descriptive statistics, and the relationships between independent and dependent variables were examined using the Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test, with a significance level (α) of 5%. Results: The sample included 217 patients, with a predominance of men (72.4%), an average age of 67.3 years (±11.1), smokers (55.3%), hypertensive (72.3%), and asymptomatic (57.5%). Among smokers, patients with diseases related to atherosclerosis and fusiform aneurysms had a higher prevalence of AAA compared to AAT. The death rate was higher in individuals over 70 years old (20.3%, p=0.026), symptomatic (22.5%, p≤0.001), urgent procedures (44.4%, p≤0.001), and cases of ruptured AA (58.3%, p≤0.001). Conclusion: The clinical and epidemiological behavior of AAA in this study is consistent with the literature. It is evident the importance of preventing exposure to risk factors and clinical suspicion for better prognoses.