Fatores de risco cardiovascular em pacientes internados com síndrome respiratória aguda grave

Abstract

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a disease caused especially by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mainly affecting elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. Leading causes of death, cardiovascular diseases constitute a global health challenge. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients hospitalized for SARS and to investigate their relationship with the evolution of the disease. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study. The sample consisted of patients hospitalized from January to December 2020 for SARS. The list of patients was obtained by consulting electronic medical records. Data analysis consists of the relative frequency distribution of the variables. The analysis of the distribution of the dependent variables according to the independent variables was verified using the Chi-square test, assuming an α error of 5%. Results: The sample of 694 patients comprised mostly male individuals, white, over 60 years old and from Passo Fundo. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was Systemic Arterial Hypertension, with 55%. It was found that 32% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 23.4% used Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) and 10.3% used Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Regarding the outcome, 25.8% died. It was found that 61.7% of hypertensive, 21.5% of diabetic and 21.5% of obese patients required ICU care. 61.4% of hypertensive, 23.5% of diabetic and 20.3% of obese patients required IMV. 66.2% of hypertensive patients, 19.2% of diabetic patients and 23.5% of obese patients required RRT. Regarding the clinical outcome, 67.3% of hypertensive patients and 51.6% of diabetic patients died. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients hospitalized for SARS, demonstrating an interrelationship between previous comorbidities and worsening of the clinical condition.