Panorama epidemiológico das anomalias congênitas no Brasil no período de 2012 a 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to outline an epidemiological panorama of Congenital Anomalies (CA) in Brazil from 2012 to 2021, using the database of the Ministry of Health. Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study, in which information was extracted from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (SUS) - DATASUS. The studied population consisted of all cases of Congenital Anomalies in live births in Brazil, reported from 2012 to 2021. Data analysis comprised the absolute and relative frequency of sample variables and prevalences for Brazil and by region, as well as the annual prevalence in the country. Results: The national prevalence found for the entire period was 83.7 cases per 10,000 live births, peaking in the year 2016. The regions that showed the highest and lowest rates, respectively, were Southeast and North. Maternal and gestational profile found: between 20 and 29 years old, with 8 to 11 years of schooling, of mixed race, cesarean delivery, single gestation, and seven or more prenatal consultations. The newborn with CA had a male gender profile, Apgar score between 8 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, normal weight, and born at term. The most frequent anomalies during the study period were those of the osteomuscular system, followed by other malformations and the nervous system. Conclusions: This research can be used as a reference to establish active and prospective monitoring protocols for these diseases in Brazil.