Comorbidades e fatores de risco: influência no desfecho pós acidente vascular cerebral

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a disease that presents significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and risk factors for the development of sequelae and mortality in patients affected by stroke. Methodology: Retrospective cohort that covered individuals aged 18 or over affected by stroke and treated at a Specialized Center between 2017 and 2022. Sociodemographic and health variables, comorbidities/risk factors, clinical parameters, and outcomes - presence of sequelae (persistence of symptoms at the end of hospitalization) and immediate outcome (death/discharge) - were used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed, the incidence of outcomes and their 95% confidence interval (CI95) were estimated and their distribution according to the predictor variables was verified (comorbidities, risk factors, Glasgow, NIHSS, glycemia, blood pressure), using the chi-square test (5% type I error). Results: Our sample was composed of 1,222 patients, mostly male (50.9%), aged 60 or over (66.7%), white (92.4%) and from other municipalities (59.7%). We found that 16% (CI95 14- 18) died and 52% (CI95 49-55) developed at least one sequelae. The presence of comorbidities and its greater number, in addition to dyslipidemia, diabetes and alcoholism, influenced the occurrence of sequelae. Worse deficits measured by Glasgow and NIHSS, chronic hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypotension on admission, increased deaths. Conclusions: Comorbidities and risk factors influence the development of sequelae, with emphasis on dyslipidemia. Regarding lethality, altered clinical parameters and neurosensory deficits on admission may influence the outcome more than multimorbidities.