Os desdobramentos da consciência na certeza sensível na fenomenologia do espírito de Hegel

Abstract

This study approaches the Phenomenology of Spirit in its first stage, sense-certainty. The discussion that revolves around the possibility of adequately expressing the thing-in-itself is a recurrent problem in the philosophical efforts of Hegel’s context, a process that emerges from the investigation of how the subject knows anything. These discussions are evident in cartesian philosophy and in the answers given by later philosophers, such as Hume, who influenced Kant later on. From that, this study approaches how this discussion led Hegel to elaborate a critique of Kantian critical philosophy, positing absolute knowledge as accessible by the subject. Such a process needed a starting point, and sense-certainty played that role, being necessary for the unfolding dialectical journey of consciousness. Therefore, sense-certainty refers to the immediate moment when consciousness assumes sensory content as its object. It only remains for consciousness to know what is this ‘’out-there-in-the-world’’ objectiveness. This present study aims to expose the reconciliations revolving around certainty and truth throughout this first stage. What is found is that consciousness, as seen in sense-certainty, believes to have in its truth a single particular instance, when, finally, it finds out to have simply a universal. Furthermore, the conclusion brings some of the discussions that are brought up by the development of consciousness in sense-certainty.