Produção e qualidade da silagem de trigo em diferentes níveis de adubação orgânica

Abstract

The wheat, previously used predominantly for grain production, has become an alternative in animal feed. The results on the viability of wheat ensilage are clear, however, little is known about the productive and nutritional potential of wheat silage using only poultry litter as fertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the production and quality of wheat silage produced with different levels of organic fertilization. The study was carried out in the Universidade federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza campus. The experiment was carried out for three consecutive years, from 2020 to 2022. The cutting for ensilage was carried out when the plants reached the stage of pasty grain and firm mass. Five fertilization strategies were evaluated, relating the amount in kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) of organic fertilizer from cured chicken litter applied to the plots, namely: 0.0 kg/ha; 2,500 kg/ha; 5,000 kg/ha; 7,500 kg/ha or 10,000 kg/ha. A linear increase in the production of green matter, dry matter and accumulation rate was observed with the increase in the fertilization used. There was no effect on the physical components of the wheat with the increase in fertilization. The Penn State Particle Separator sieve was used for the crushed wheat, a linear increase in the amount of green matter retained on the 4.0 mm sieve was observed with the increase in organic fertilization. The pH values of the wheat silage on days 1, 4, 7, 14 showed a linear increase in pH value with the increase in organic fertilization. The concentration of lactic acid was higher than that of the other acids, and the acetic acid content showed a linear increase with increasing organic fertilization. The crude protein contents increased linearly with increasing organic fertilization, while the NDF and ADF values showed a linear decrease with increasing fertilization. Increasing the levels of organic fertilization for wheat provides increases in productivity. Increasing the level of organic fertilization provides an increase in pH, with an increase in the concentration of acetic acid. Wheat silage produced with higher levels of organic fertilization presents higher levels of crushed protein with a reduction in the levels of neutral or acid detergent fibers.