O avanço da agricultura convencional e as mudanças no sistema agrícola indígena na comunidade Toldo Guarani/RS: uma transição possível no sentido da sustentabilidade

Abstract

This work analyzes the transformations in the Toldo Guarani indigenous territory resulting from the advancement of conventional agriculture after the 1980s. The research investigates the reasons that led to the introduction and growth of conventional production in the area, addressing its characteristics and conducting a participatory diagnosis of the implications of this agriculture on the indigenous way of life. The study was conducted through participatory research, utilizing bibliographies, documents, and qualitative methodologies, as well as interviews with relevant organizations such as EMATER and CAPA. The results of the research aim to understand the connection between the territorial reduction of the Guarani and the adoption of Western agricultural systems, highlighting the dependence on chemical inputs and intensive practices. The monoculture of grains, such as soy and corn, has become predominant, compromising environmental sustainability and leading to the degradation of local ecosystems and the loss of traditional knowledge. In this context, the approach towards agroecology emerges as a promising alternative for the indigenous people. Although still little known, this approach combines traditional and modern knowledge, valuing ancestral practices and the harmonious relationship that indigenous peoples have with nature. The transition to agroecology is seen as a crucial step to recover lost knowledge and strengthen the community's resilience. Furthermore, the relationships built with entities during the execution of the CI-PBA have demonstrated positive results, facilitating the construction of actions that complement sustainable practices and increasing the potential of the territory. Agroecology, therefore, represents an opportunity for the reintegration of ancestral practices, contributing to a more sustainable development that respects the culture and way of life of the Guarani.