Direitos reprodutivos, sistemas de opressão/desigualdade e autonomia: desafios ao desenvolvimento sustentável da Agenda 2030 pelo Estado brasileiro

Abstract

The present work addresses the issue of autonomy of choice of Brazilian women regarding reproductive rights, considering both positive and negative freedom, as conceptualized by Amartya Sen. Its objective is to understand the limits regarding autonomy regarding women's reproductive planning in the face of contexts of inequality and asymmetries in access to resources and social rights, as well as relations of oppression and domination of female bodies and whether these limitations present obstacles to achieving goals 3.7 and 5.6 of the UN 2030 Agenda. The work uses a qualitative methodology to understand reproductive planning and women's autonomy, combining exploratory and descriptive approaches. Documentary and bibliographic research techniques were used, as well as statistical data from organizations such as IPEA and CODS. The hermeneutic approach was chosen to interpret the historical and social context of reproductive rights, allowing for a critical analysis of social, political, and normative interactions. Throughout the three chapters, the historical analysis shows how pro-natalist policies and a patriarchal structure have limited women's autonomy over time, highlighting both the absence of concrete opportunities for reproductive choices and the presence of social and cultural norms that restrict such choices. It also contextualizes the UN 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals to promote gender equality and ensure universal access to reproductive rights, presenting the main challenges. Finally, several barriers hindering the achievement of these objectives in the Brazilian context are identified, including socioeconomic inequalities, lack of access to adequate information and services, as well as gender-based violence. The final considerations emphasize the need for effective public policies that combat these inequalities and promote women's reproductive rights as a fundamental human right. Overcoming these limitations requires an intersectional approach that considers not only access to necessary resources but also the structural inequalities present in society. It is essential to strengthen social rights, combat gender inequalities, and promote equality in access to reproductive health services, only then will it be possible to guarantee the full exercise of women's autonomy to make free and informed decisions about reproductive planning, as well as to achieve gender equality in Brazilian society and achieve goals 3.7 and 5.6 of the UN 2030 Agenda.