Possibilidades de sucessão na agricultura familiar: revisão sistemátima e evidências empíricas do município de Giruá/RS

Abstract

The dynamics of succession in family farming are of relevance in Brazil, where this sector stands out for its food production and its strategic role in rural development and food security. The problem of agricultural succession has been considered by scientists and political decisionmakers since the end of the 20th century and, despite advances in public policies aimed at family farming in the last 25 years, the permanence of young people in the countryside continues to be a challenge. The migration of young people from rural areas to urban centers has reduced the number of children who take over rural property in their parents' place. This phenomenon can affect the dimensions of family life and the agricultural sector more broadly, as it is associated with land abandonment, decreased agricultural efficiency and stagnant investment. This dissertation seeks to understand the factors related to family farmers and the productive conditions of family rural properties in the municipality of Giruá (RS) and their relationship with intergenerational succession. This is qualitative research, with a systematic review of the existing literature on the topic and field research with family farmers in the municipality of Giruá (RS). For the systematic literature review, the Methodi Ordinatio methodology was used, which classifies articles according to valid and internationally recognized scientific criteria (impact factor, year of publication and number of citations). After the selection and classification processes, 65 articles were included from the Science Direct, Web os Science and Scopus databases, considered eligible and relevant for this systematic review. It was observed that 59.92% of the selected articles were published between 2017 and 2023, which reinforces the topicality of the topic. Furthermore, it was found that the majority of studies included evidence research carried out in Ireland, Brazil and the United States. The field research had a qualitative approach, the sample was non-probabilistic, defined by the saturation method and the analysis was carried out by systematization. Consistent with previous research, the results indicate that farmers who have identified a successor tend to invest mor in machinery and improvements and have larger properties. On the other hand, contrary to the results of previous research, but based on a sample of twelve family properties in the municipality of Giruá (RS), it was found that, on average, the managers of properties with successors are younger. Finally, some measures are suggested, at the level of public policies, aimed at succession in family farming, including land credit programs, mediation, and advice for preparing a succession plan, support for women who wish to take over the property and tax benefits for farms transferred to a young family member.