Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com linfoma em um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil

Abstract

Background: Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma (cHL) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) are malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system defined by the specification of B, T, or Natural Killer cells. Objectives: To outline the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with lymphoma treated at a tertiary hospital. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out in a tertiary hospital with a sample of patients diagnosed with lymphoma (C81-C85) between 2011 and 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical and health variables were collected. In addition, signs and symptoms related to the disease, risk factors, oncological treatment, presence of metastasis and the hospital outcome of the case were investigated. Results: The sample consisted of 66 patients, with the NHL being the most common (80.3%). For cLH and NHL, patients were men (76.9 and 58.5%), Caucasian (92.3; 96.2%), farmers (38.4 and 58.4%) and with low education (53.8 and 62.3%). The age groups most affected by cHL were those from 18 to 39 (38.5%) and after 70 years of age (30.8%), while for NHL they were those after 40 years of age (90.5%). Signs and symptoms such as lymphadenopathy (53.8 and 54.7%), B symptoms (23.1 and 15.1%), cough or dyspnea (23 and 15.1%), pruritus (15.4 and 1.9%) and fatigue (7.7 and 3.8%) in the sample. For patients with NHL, the following risk factors were identified: diagnosis of HIV (3.8%), Hepatitis C (1.9%), Epstein-Barr (3.8%), autoimmune disease (1.9%) and positive family history of lymphoma (3.8%). Chemotherapy was the most frequent treatment of choice (76.9 and 88.7%), followed by radiotherapy (30.8 and 7.5%) and, in cases of NHL, maintenance with the monoclonal antibody Rituximab (26. 4%). Conclusion: Similar patterns to those described in the literature were observed, however, new studies are necessary to elucidate variables that are still little explored.