Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de feijão crioulo após tratamento com diferentes doses de Trichoderma harzianum

Abstract

Microbiolization, with the genus fungi Trichoderma, can build an efficient alternative to chemical treatment of seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of creole beens seeds, “Chumbinho” variety, submitted to treatment with diferent doses of commercial product based on Trichoderma harzianum. The treatments were: T1) 100 mL c.p. based on T. harzianum/100 kg of seeds; T2) 150 mL c.p./100 kg of seeds; T3) 200 mL c.p./100 kg of seeds; T4) chemical treatment (fipronil + piraclostrobina + metil tiofanato; 200 mL c.p./100 kg of seeds); and T5) control (without coating of seeds). To evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality the following tests were applied: sanity test (blotter test); germination; first counting; accelerated aging; cold test without soil; index of germination speed; snoot part and root lenght; emergence in greenhouse; weight of a thousand grains; and productivity in the field. All the treatments with T. harzianum and the chemical (fipronil + piraclostrobina + metil tiofanato) controlled the fungi Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. To Macrophomina phaseolina, the chemical treatment were not efficient. About the germination, first counting, accelerated aging and index of germination speed tests, the treatment with 100 mL of T. harzianum was demonstrated as the more efficient, but, at the cold test, the dose of 150 mL of T. harzianum presented a better result, beyond promote in bigger length of aerial part. However, to the root length, all the treatments with T. harzianum showed better results. The treatment with 200 mL of T. harzianum, 8 presented a better result to emergence in greenhouse. Concerning to the weight of a thousand grains and the productivity, there was no statistics differences. The dose with 100 mL of T. harzianum is the most recommended to the treatment of creole been seeds, “Chumbinho” variety.