Consequências do tabagismo e alcoolismo na gestação para crianças de até dois anos de idade acompanhadas em unidades básicas de saúde de Passo Fundo - RS

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of pregnant women and assess the consequences of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy for children up to 2 years old in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Methods: This was a quantitative, observational study with a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical epidemiological design. Participants were women attending childcare services in four Primary Health Care Units in Passo Fundo from January 2022 to August 2023. The main exposure variables were smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and the outcomes analyzed were eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and low birth weight. Descriptive statistics and outcome distribution analyses were conducted according to exposure variables using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The sample comprised 256 women, of whom 54.3% self-identified as white, with a mean age of 26.6 years (± 6.07), and 27.3% had a total household income of ≤ 1 minimum wage. The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was 13.1%, alcohol consumption 7.1%, and both exposures 1.6%. A statistically significant association was found only between education level and smoking during pregnancy (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy may have consequences for the maternal-fetal unit. Therefore, there is a need to enhance maternal and child healthcare, and further similar studies are recommended.Keywords: Primary Health Care; tobacco use disorder; alcohol drinking; prenatal care; maternal and child health