Prevalência de Leishmaniose tegumentar no Brasil no período de 2018 a 2022

Abstract

This research evaluates the spatial distribution of the prevalence of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil and the epidemiological profile of the affected population between 2018 and 2022. This is an ecological study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), which included all cases of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis notified in Brazil between 2018 and 2022. The prevalence of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the federal regions was calculated and the variables gender, skin color and age were evaluated, for which absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Considering the evaluation of the data on the spatial distribution of notified cases, the study revealed that the distribution of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil is asymmetrical, with a concentration of higher prevalence rates in the northern and central-western regions of Brazil. The evaluation of the epidemiological profile of the patients found a higher concentration of cases in males (73.8%), brown individuals (65.6%) and those aged between 20 and 39 (38.6%). These data suggest greater vulnerability in specific demographic groups, possibly related to occupations that involve greater exposure to the disease vector. Thus, the problem of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil is multifactorial, and identifying the regions and populations most affected allows targeted actions to control the disease.