Internações e mortalidade por câncer de próstata no Brasil no período de 2018 a 2022

Abstract

Objective: The research aims to describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients and prostate cancer mortality in Brazil from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: It is a descriptive ecological study. The study population consisted of male patients who were hospitalized due to prostate cancer during the specified period, residing in the five Brazilian regions, with information obtained from the Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH/SUS). Deaths due to the same diagnosis in the Brazilian regions during the specified period, obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM), were also included. Results: In Brazil, between 2018 and 2022, there were 162,025 hospitalizations for malignant neoplasm of the prostate. The years with the highest number of hospitalizations were 2022 (35,031) and 2019 (34,701). The overall hospitalization rate during this period was 77.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. The Southeast region recorded the highest number of hospitalizations (82,940), with the rate increasing from 18.5 in 2018 to 20.7 in 2022. The Northeast had 40,600 hospitalizations, with the rate varying from 14.7 to 17.1. The North, with 4,659 hospitalizations, presented the lowest rate, ranging from 4.7 to 5.6. The average mortality rate in Brazil was 9.6%, with the North region having the highest rate (14.4%) and the Northeast the lowest (8.3%). The most affected age group was 60 to 69 years (38.3%), followed by 70 to 79 years (36.4%) and 50 to 59 years (13.1%). In terms of color/race, the majority of patients were brown (40.1%), followed by white (36.4%) and black (8.6%). Conclusion: Data from 2018 to 2022 reveal that prostate cancer in Brazil continues to be a public health challenge, with 162,025 hospitalizations, reflecting the aging population and regional and social inequalities. The mixed-race population, the most affected, faces greater difficulties in accessing healthcare services, exacerbated by poverty. Regions such as the North suffer from underdiagnosis and high mortality rates, while the Southeast concentrates more hospitalizations due to its greater infrastructure. There is an urgent need for public policies that promote equity in access to prevention and treatment