Construção de folder educativo para o cuidado de feridas cirúrgicas no domicílio

Abstract

Continuing care for surgical wounds at home, a place where there is often a lack of information, requires the use of strategies that enable the strengthening of patient autonomy and self-care. The guidelines planned for hospital discharge are the responsibility of the professional nurse and, when carried out well, contribute to the transfer of care. What is frequently observed is the passing on of a large amount of information in a short space of time, without checking whether the instructions received are understood. In this context, the construction of an accessible material with simple language can be an ally for patients with surgical wounds at the time of hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to create a folder-type educational material, with clear and practical information necessary for the care of surgical wounds at home. This is a methodological study aimed at creating material with guidelines for the care of surgical wounds by caregivers and post-hospitalization patients. The content of the educational folder was developed through a literature review in two stages, where the first consisted of collecting scientific data on the care of patients with surgical wounds; and the second involved research on health education strategies and preparation of the sessions presented in the material. When proposing the construction of the educational folder, three main guiding principles for the care of surgical wounds were considered when creating the material, namely: Daily Care, involving hand hygiene, cleaning the wound and changing the dressing; Nutrition and Hydration; and Infection prevention and Pain management. The method used in the study was able to support the construction of the proposed educational material. Thus, the educational folder created offers important theoretical elements for the necessary care for surgical wounds in the home environment, by patients and caregivers.