Uso de dispositivos mecânicos de compressão torácica no atendimento à parada cardiorrespiratória extra-hospitalar: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Mechanical chest compression devices were designed to provide support in emergencies and reduce interference that compromises the effectiveness of CPR in the out-of-hospital context. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of mechanical chest compression devices in the care of out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest contributes to improving patient survival rates compared to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A search was carried out on the data platforms: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS. The assessment of the risk of bias of randomized clinical trials was carried out using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Table, RoB 2.0 instrument. Eight Randomized Clinical Trials were included in the research, with a total sample of 6,216 individuals with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Overall, statistically significant differences were evidenced with the use of mechanical devices in 4 studies, of which 2 found better short- and long-term survival results and 2 only in long-term survival. The remaining 4 studies showed no benefit in both survival rates. The results suggest divergence in the literature regarding the superiority of the devices compared to manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of these devices must be evaluated according to the specific context and the level of training of the team to use them, as the success rates of these devices may be conditioned by the context and who applies them, and not to the device itself.