Painéis fotovoltaicos e sustentabilidade: reciclagem e análise de ciclo de vida

Abstract

The proposed dissertation consists of two articles that, in a complementary manner, will explore different aspects of the sustainability of photovoltaic panels. The first article is a systematic literature review aimed at mapping the state of the art regarding photovoltaic panel recycling at an international level, identifying key research trends. Using the ScienceDirect database, relevant publications from high-impact journals were consulted, employing a qualitative, applied, and exploratory approach. The second article, in turn, conducts a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a TSM-405DE15M(II) photovoltaic panel. The methodology follows the guidelines of ABNT NBR ISO 14040 and 14044, adopting a cradle-to-grave approach to assess the Global Warming Potential over a 100-year horizon (GWP100) of a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel. The GWP100 of the panel's electricity generation over its lifetime was compared to that of the Brazilian electricity mix, revealing that photovoltaic technology has an approximately 46% lower impact. Through the integration of these two studies, the dissertation provides a significant contribution to the field of photovoltaic panel sustainability, offering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with recycling and the life cycle of these devices.