Geomorfossítios e montanhismo no Território Quilombola de São Roque, Mampituba/RS e Praia Grande/SC: caracterização dos locais de escalada e os impactos socioambientais do montanhismo

Abstract

Quilombola communities are groups of African descendants who served as refuges for black people who historically fought and resisted the enslavement of their people. Today, these communities fight for the right to their lands, guaranteed by the 1988 Constitution, and for the right to preserve their Afro-Brazilian cultural, social, and religious traditions. These territories were established in isolated and difficult-to-access locations in Brazil, and many are still in areas with a high degree of conservation and rich diversity of fauna and flora, in addition to being geomorphologically relevant areas. The Quilombola community of São Roque, located in the municipalities of Mampituba/RS and Praia Grande/SC, in addition to the historical and cultural context, is also known for the practice of mountaineering, mainly due to the characteristics of the terrain. In this sense, this research links the quilombola community to mountaineering, identifying whether the climbing areas of this territory are characterized as a geomorphosite, in addition to discussing the socio-environmental impacts that mountaineering - widely practiced in the region today - bring to the place and to the community. Geomorphosites are areas in which the shape of the relief makes its use or the perception of geological factors by human beings a place of scientific, cultural, historical, aesthetic and/or socio-environmental value. Therefore, in order to characterize the two places where climbing is practiced in the quilombo, the methodology proposed by Pralong in 2005 was applied. This methodology, already applied in other sites, is carried out through an observation and information gathering script in the field. The results showed that the studied locations are recognized as geomorphosites, with emphasis on their scientific, scenic and economic values, although they need more investment to expand their development. The cultural potential, although little explored, is significant due to the history of quilombola resistance. Combining scenic, cultural and sports promotion with improvements in infrastructure, it is possible to boost sustainable tourism, integrating activities such as traditional festivals, environmental education and the local economy, generating movement throughout the year and strengthening the conservation of the territory. The relevance of the study consists of valuing the importance of the São Roque community, which is still fighting for the effective recognition of its territory, and consolidating the practice of mountaineering as an important tool that can help raise awareness and environmental conservation, taking into account the precepts of minimum impact and a responsible and ecologically conscious approach by practitioners, in addition to giving visibility to the community's livelihood, which is in line with the essence of quilombola communities in Brazil.