Análise epidemiológica das neoplasias malignas de trato geniturinário nas macrorregiões do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Objective: To analyze temporal trends in mortality and hospital admissions due to prostate, cervical, and bladder cancer in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2013 and 2023, considering different age groups. Methods: This ecological study was conducted from August 2024 to June 2025 and was based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). Hospitalizations and deaths due to malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary tract (ICD-10: C53, C61, C67) were included. Mortality and hospitalization rates were calculated and expressed per 100,000 inhabitants. Temporal trend analysis was performed using Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression. Results: During the analyzed period, malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary tract — prostate, bladder, and cervix — accounted for 51,895 hospitalizations, representing approximately 0.6% of all admissions in the state, and 24,299 deaths, corresponding to about 2.4% of all registered deaths. Prostate cancer showed an increasing trend in overall mortality (β = 0.28; p < 0.01), although a decline was observed among elderly individuals. Hospitalization rates, however, remained stable throughout the period. Cervical cancer demonstrated a rise in overall mortality (β = 0.19; p < 0.01), especially among younger age groups, while hospitalizations remained stable. Bladder cancer, in turn, presented an increase in both overall mortality (β = 0.10; p = 0.002) and hospitalizations (β = 0.48; p < 0.01), with a notable rise among the elderly. Conclusion: Temporal trends varied among the different cancer types analyzed, with a notable increase in the mortality burden among younger populations for cervical cancer and among the elderly for bladder cancer, contrasting with a decline in deaths and hospitalizations among older adults for prostate cancer. These findings highlight the importance of continuous surveillance and the development of regional public health policies that are sensitive to age-specific and epidemiological characteristics, with particular attention to older age groups.