Síndrome da disfunção cognitiva canina (SDCC): uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The relationship between humans and dogs is ancient and increasingly close, with animals taking on a more intimate role in people's lives. Consequently, the growing number of senior animals and, therefore, neurodegenerative diseases like Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS) are a result of increased life expectancy. CCDS is a condition that affects geriatric dogs and is characterized by behavioral and cognitive changes similar to Alzheimer's disease in humans. In this context, diagnosis is complicated and often delayed, as it is confused with the natural aging process. Since there is no cure, treatment aims to slow the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms. Additionally, treatment includes medications to normalize neurotransmitter levels, a diet adapted to protect cells, environmental enrichment to stimulate cognition, and complementary options such as acupuncture. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a systematic literature review encompassing the recognition, diagnosis, and clinical approaches for patients with this condition through research in the SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, using keywords such as neurodegeneration, senility, cognition, and animal welfare, closely related to cases in dogs. As a result, it was possible to highlight the complexity of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS), showcasing its pathophysiological, symptomatic, and diagnostic characteristics. Analogously, the presence of biomarkers such as β-amyloid accumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation are significant for the progression of the disease in dogs. Furthermore, the identification of behavioral symptoms and the need for early diagnosis are crucial for the effective management of the syndrome, as well as the application of a multifaceted therapeutic approach that combines pharmacological, dietary, environmental, and alternative treatments, aiming not only to mitigate symptoms but also to improve the quality of life for affected animals. Therefore, this study is significant as it aims to inform professionals about the early identification of CCDS, appropriate diagnosis, and management of this condition, as well as to contribute to professional training, aiming to enhance recognition and management of this syndrome in clinical practice. Moreover, it is crucial to encourage research to improve understanding of the syndrome, explore new therapeutic options, and develop effective management guidelines aimed at providing effective treatment that ensures quality of life and well-being for dogs.