Dinâmica populacional, indicadores econômicos e sociais da microrregião geográfica de Erechim - RS

Abstract

This study aims to study the population dynamics of the geographic micro-Erechim, composed of 30 municipalities. To this end, the objective from the demographic data from the census (1991, 2000 and 2010), analyzing the population dynamics of micro Erechim and identify the economic and social changes and their effects on the population characteristics. The work also aims to provide a theoretical framework for the use of population, economic and social variables; identify and describe some regional particularities that promoted intraregional migration; present the population characteristics of the region (by sex and age from 1991 to 2010) and its changes in rural and urban; analyze the population distribution in the micro and spatialise the rural and urban population by municipality and the micro-region; check the economic and social indicators and their effects on the structure and distribution of the population. As methodology, we sought to pay up pathways and their methodological procedures that would help in achieving the objectives. So we used two methods: literature and descriptive necessarily in that order. The first consisted of a large analysis of concepts and work on the subject. In descriptive research was divided into three stages: the first time identified the data to be selected and analyzed, and how to obtain them. In sequence effectively we seek the data, and the certification thereof. Finally, we performed the processing and analysis of data and correlations of the information obtained. The vast majority of regional data was collected from the site of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), but were also raised information in other public agencies. From the data collected were developed a series of graphics, age pyramids, charts and maps that showed significant changes in the population dynamics of the region. As a result of population dynamics stands out: a) increase in urban population and a decrease in the rural population in the 30 municipalities of the micro-region; b) increase in life expectancy and population aging; c) decrease in birth and fertility; d) a significant reduction of the population between the ages 20-39 years in all municipalities in the region except in Erechim, which generates a bandaging process of age pyramids. In terms of municipal indicators, both the Gross Domestic Product Final as the municipal Human Development Index (HDI), there was an increase in all municipalities of the micro region. Finally, it is understood Erechim as a municipality that concentrates function in the region, such as economic and population hub, which clashes with its variables when compared to other municipalities of the micro region.