Perfil de pacientes com ulceração submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização arterial

Abstract

Introduction: Vascular ulcers are a relevant public health issue, associated with high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic impact, especially in patients with chronic comorbidities. Arterial revascularization surgery plays a key role in treatment, although outcomes vary according to the clinical profile. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and postoperative evolution of patients with vascular ulcers undergoing arterial revascularization surgery, and to analyze factors associated with complications. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical cohort study was conducted with hospitalized patients who underwent arterial revascularization surgery between 2019 and 2022 at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, ulcer-related, therapeutic, and postoperative complication data were analyzed. Results: The sample included 227 patients, predominantly elderly men with low education and a high prevalence of hypertension (75.8%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (72.2%), and peripheral artery disease (63.9%). Diabetic foot ulcers accounted for 70.9% of cases. The postoperative complication rate was 33.9%, mainly associated with chronic kidney disease (57.6%; p<0.001), insulin dependence (50%; p=0.004), prior amputation (44.3%; p=0.046), and diabetic foot ulcers (39.7%; p=0.049). Mortality rates were higher than those reported internationally. Conclusion: The findings highlight the clinical severity of this population and reinforce the need for specialized care protocols, multidisciplinary management, and close follow-up. Prospective, multicenter studies are recommended to improve the understanding and outcomes of this high-risk group.