Perfil dos pacientes internados em UTI por Covid-19 no Hospital Regional do Oeste no período pós vacinal

Abstract

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, had its first human cases reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and in March 2020, it was classified as a pandemic. However, the severity of the disease could not initially be fully assessed due to a lack of robust data. In this context, it is crucial to create a profile of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in order to anticipate trends, reduce mortality and morbidity, and mitigate emerging complications. The objective of the study is to identify the profile of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for COVID-19 at the Hospital Regional do Oeste (HRO) from April 2023 to April 2024. This is an observational, quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from the medical records of patients admitted to the HRO ICU over a one-year period (2023-2024). The final sample included nine patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.17 software, with the Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test, considering p < 0.05 as significant. The analysis found that most patients were female (55.6%), with a predominance of those aged between 60 and 69 years (33.3%). The most prevalent comorbidities were respiratory diseases (27.8%), followed by systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (both with 16.7%). The average length of hospital stay was shorter among patients who died, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049), which was the only factor that was significant with clinical outcomes. A mortality rate of 44.4% was observed. Only one patient (11.1%) had a record of vaccination against COVID-19. The study demonstrated a significant association between length of hospitalization and clinical outcomes, with a higher frequency of short hospitalizations, indicating rapid disease progression. In addition, a predominance of women over 60 years of age with comorbidities was identified, although there was no statistical relationship between gender and clinical outcomes. Finally, the patient profile tended to be elderly women with respiratory comorbidities and continuous medication use.