A construção do lugar enunciativo da mulher política pelo discurso jurídico: efeitos de sentido e apagamentos simbólicos nas/das leis eleitorais

Abstract

This dissertation explores the meaning effects related to the enunciative position of the political woman by the Brazilian juridical discourse, focusing on the feminine representation in electoral laws. The central research problem consists in understanding how the discourse contributes to the constitution of the woman in politics, due to a context marked by gender inequality and low feminine representation. We justify our study on the social and academic relevance of the theme, especially in light of the scenario of struggles for gender equity and the regulatory function of the juridical discourse. We aim to comprehend, based on the materialist Discourse Analysis, how the Brazilian juridical discourse constructs the enunciative position of the woman in politics, highlighting the linguistic mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of the gender inequality and to the reproduction of the dominant patriarchal ideology. The analytical corpus is composed of discursive excerpts from Laws No. 9.504/1997, 12.891/2013, 13.165/2015 and 14.192/2021. The methodology adopted follows an interpretative approach, grounded in the concepts of subject, ideology, ideological state apparatus and discursive memory. The analysis shows the juridical discourse operates predominantly through the erasure of gender markers, (re)producing the figure of a universal political subject, which corresponds to the male subject. Thus, we conclude that the construction of the enunciative position of woman in the Brazilian juridical discourse remains deeply conditioned by a patriarchal logic, that seeks to include women in the political system, without, however, subverting the foundations of this system, reproducing the inequality and subordinative relations.