Efeito da classificação na qualidade de sementes salvas de soja

Abstract

Soybeans play a crucial role in the Brazilian agricultural economy, being essential to the Gross Domestic Product. Seed quality, both physiologically and genetically, is fundamental, encouraging producers to process their own seeds to reduce costs. This study focuses on soybean seed cleaning, assessing mechanical damage during the cleaning and standardization process. The experiment involves five varieties subjected to four different treatments. Samples were collected before and after air and sieve cleaning, as well as spiral cleaning. In the laboratory, samples were evaluated for purity, moisture content, germination test, and damage assessment, particularly caused by the use of hypochlorite. The expectation is to obtain seeds with high germination and vigor, free from impurities and mechanical damage, which can increase productivity and reduce costs for producers, thereby improving plant quality at planting. The machine factor had no significant impact on the weight of one thousand seeds (PMS), while the cultivar factor was significant at 1% for all variables. The interaction between machine and cultivars also did not influence the PMS variable. Regarding root length, cultivar DM 63i64 stood out with greater length in the control and in the classifier, while in cultivar Fibra, the best results were with the sieve. Cultivars DM 60i64 and GH 5933did not show significant differences between the methods, and cultivar NG 560 performed better with the combination of classifier and sieve. Cultivars Fibra and DM 60i64 presented the best averages, without significant differences between them when using classifier + sieve, differing from the others. When only the classifier was considered, cultivars DM 63i64, Fibra, DM 60i64 and GH 5933 showed similar results in root length.