Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de trigo sobre diferentes manejos biológicos

Abstract

Wheat is a cereal of great significance in global cultivation, being used for both human and animal consumption, as well as in the production of various products. Regarding wheat cultivation, the physiological quality of seeds significantly influences crop success, with germination tests being important for assessing the vitality and physiological conditions of the species. In this context, this study aimed to identify how different biological management methods applied to seeds/plants influence the physiological and sanitary quality of wheat seeds. As for the methodology, material was collected in the municipality of São Luiz Gonzaga, RS, where the biological agents Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, either isolated or combined, were used to evaluate their impact on the quality of the seeds produced. The isolated treatments involved inoculation with 150 ml ha⁻¹ of Duobac® (B. amyloliquefaciens) and 150 g ha⁻¹ of Trincheira® (T. harzianum). For foliar application, two applications were performed using a backpack sprayer with a spray volume of 120 ml ha⁻¹ and a dose of 100 ml ha⁻¹ of Duobac during tillering and at the beginning of the reproductive phase. Pathological analyses were conducted using Gerbox containers with the Blotter Test method, incubated for 7 days at 25 °C. The germination test was conducted with Germitest paper, incubated for 8 days at 20 °C. Statistical analysis was performed using the SISVAR software. The results indicated that the combination of B. amyloliquefaciens in aerial application promoted the greatest root growth in seedlings produced from these seeds. In the evaluation of sanitary quality, the efficiency of treatments varied depending on the type of fungus analyzed, with reductions in Fusarium sp. but increases in Cladosporium sp. It was concluded that biological agents can act as antagonists of pathogens, promoting a more favorable environment for seedling development; however, their effectiveness can be optimized through integrated management practices.