Produtos a base de Trichoderma e Bacillus no desempenho fisiológico de sementes de feijão

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has great economic and social relevance; however, its cultivation faces significant challenges regarding the quality of the seeds made available to the producer. In this scenario, the use of biological products has gained prominence for improving, mainly, the initial development of the plants. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate how different biological products based on Trichoderma and Bacillus, used in the treatment of black and carioca commercial bean seeds, influence the initial growth phases of seedlings and plants. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in a 6x2 bifactorial scheme (AxB), where factor A was composed of five commercial biological products, applied via seed treatment, namely: Lalnix Resist® (Trichoderma endophyticum, isolate IBCB 56/12), Organic WP® (Trichoderma asperellum, isolate URM 5911), No-Nema® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolate BV03), StimuControl® (Trichoderma harzianum strain CCT 7589), GreenControl® (Trichoderma harzianum strain SIMBI T5) in addition to a control where the seeds received only water. Factor B was composed of the commercial group of bean seeds: black commercial group and carioca commercial group. After treatment, germination, germination speed index, height and dry weight of the aerial part, length and dry weight of the root part of seedlings and of plants in open environment whose seeds were subjected to these treatments were evaluated. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5% significance, using the Sisvar 5.6 software. The results indicated that the biological treatments did not present consistent advantages over germination compared to the control. However, differentiated effects were observed on root growth and dry mass of the aerial and root parts of seedlings. The treatment with T. asperellum (Organic WP®) stood out in promoting dry mass of the root portion in open environment. On the other hand, the product based on B. amyloliquefaciens (No-Nema®) showed a favorable, although limited, response in the commercial group of black beans. The analyses of the germination speed index and rootlet length showed that the responses varied according to the plant genetics and the microorganism used.