Formulações de Trichoderma spp.: potencial para biocontrole de Macrophomina Phaseolina em soja

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is the main crop in the Brazilian agricultural scenario, standing out as the most produced and commercialized oilseed in the world. Productivity, however, is hampered by damage caused by fungal diseases, such as charcoal rot, caused by the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. Controlling this disease in the crop is challenging, and therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate different formulations of products based on Trichoderma spp. to control M. phaseolina in soybeans. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6x2 factorial. Five commercial biological products were used as factor A, Organic® (Trichoderma asperellum isolate URM 5911); StimuControl® (Trichoderma harzianum strain CCT 7589); Trichodermil Super SC® (Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1306); Lalnix® (Trichoderma endophyticum isolate IBCB 56/12); GreenControl® (Trichoderma harzianum strain SIMBI T5 (CCT 7589)) and a control where only water was used. Factor B used two types of application, commercial product containing the living organism or culture filtrate. The treatments were subjected to the variables analyzed: first germination count, germination percentage, germination speed index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry mass. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability using the SISVAR software. It was possible to observe that soybean seeds inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina were significantly affected by the pathogen, negatively influencing the physiological quality evaluation tests, considering that in this experiment the forms of application of the Trichoderma-based products did not inhibit the development of the pathogen present in the seed.