Tolkien em uma perspectiva discursiva da linguagem: um gesto de análise da construção de mundo em The fellowship of the ring

Abstract

This study analyzes the discursive genre and literary romance of high fantasy, with emphasis on the work The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien (2012 [1954- 1955]). The central objective is to investigate the construction of the world in the fantastic plot, from the linguistic-semiotic elements present in the enunciated text, based on the dialogic perspective of language developed by the Bakhtin Circle (Bakhtin, 2016 [1979]; Volokhinov, 2018 [1929]; Medviédev, 2014 [1928]). The question that guides the research is: to what extent the dialogic study of language, considering the constitutive and organic dimensions of the work and the linguisticsemiotic marks of its world construction, allows to understand the novel as enunciation of high fantasy genre and the production of meanings in the text? To answer this question, the study proposes to: i. discuss the dialogic perspective of language in relation to discursive genres; ii. investigate the high fantasy novel as a genre, its constitutive and organic characteristics; iii. analyze the linguisticsemiotics that configure the fictional universe in The Fellowship of the Ring (Tolkien, 2012[1954- 1955]) and its role in potentiating the meanings of the text-enunciated. The research is justified by personal, academic and theoretical motivations, articulating linguistic and literary studies and reflecting on the training of readers and literary literacy at school. Methodologically, it is characterized as qualitative and interpretativist, of a theoretical nature and with explanatory purposes (Severino, 2007), based on the principles of Applied Linguistics (Moita Lopes, 2006; Kleiman; Vianna; De Grande, 2019). The data are generated through indirect documentation, bibliographic and documentary, focusing on the narrative cut of the first book of the trilogy Lord of the Rings (Tolkien, 2012 [1954-1955]), seeking to understand the functioning of world construction in a fictional universe. The results indicate that the construction of world in Tolkien happens through the articulation between time, space and action of the characters, configuring a chronotope that favors the engagement of the reader and immersion in the narrative. It is identified that the high fantasy novel mobilizes multiple voices, intertextual and interdiscursive, with ideological marks that dialogue with historical and social issues of its production context, maintaining relevance to the contemporary reader. It is also verified that the analysis of this discursive genre can contribute in a didacticpedagogical way to the formation of critical readers, considering that it collaborates for the fields of linguistic and literary studies by proposing the reflection about the providing subsidies for future research on fantastic literature and for literary literacy practices in educational environments.