Potencial inovador da cannabis sativa l. e técnicas de cultivo agroecológico para sua produção medicinal

Abstract

Cannabis sativa L. is a plant species that has been cultivated by humanity for millennia due to its versatility, which includes the production of fibers, food, construction materials, fuels, and medicines, among other uses. Despite its long-recognized potential, beginning in the 1930s, the plant became the target of a disinformation campaign and persecution, leading to its total prohibition in Brazil in 1938 for political, economic, and racial reasons. Through the work and dedication of researchers from various parts of the world, scientific evidence was gathered that helped elucidate the therapeutic properties of cannabinoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and other compounds present in Cannabis. Furthermore, the discovery of an endogenous biological system the endocannabinoid system revealed that these substances resemble molecules naturally produced by the body, enabling their use in treating various diseases and in maintaining bodily homeostasis. Due to scientific progress in this field, coupled with social demand and mobilization in response to the efficacy of these treatments, significant advances have been made in the regulatory guidelines concerning the medicinal and industrial use of Cannabis, as well as in the regulations for its cultivation in Brazil. Therefore, conducting research in this area is crucial to ensure the development and sustainability of this emerging industry, in addition to fostering debate on its various applications. This research seeks to analyze the innovative potential of the Cannabis industry and propose agroecological techniques for its medicinal cultivation. To achieve these objectives, the study was structured into three chapters: a literature review, an experience report article, and the creation of a technical product in the format of an informative booklet. The research results indicate that the development of the cannabis industry in Brazil, supported by academic institutions, public and private companies, and with societal participation, has the potential to revolutionize not only the healthcare sector but the economy as a whole through a regenerative and circular industrial model. This can contribute to strengthening farming, stimulating sustainable innovation, creating new businesses and jobs, and promoting social and environmental well-being. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop appropriate public policies and regulations that benefit and meet the demands of associations and patients, and that consider the medicinal, industrial, cultural, and spiritual uses this plant can offer.