Co-inoculação em sementes de soja para componentes de rendimento

Abstract

Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium in soybean crops is a sustainable practice that reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting greater efficiency in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Co-inoculation, in turn, associates different microorganisms with distinct functions, contributing to a more developed root system, increased nutrient uptake, and enhanced yield potential. This strategy has gained prominence due to its agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, especially in the pursuit of more efficient agriculture with lower environmental impact. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of seed inoculation in soybean (Glycine max) (cv. Don Mario 54IX57 RSF I2X) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and co-inoculation with Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and Azospirillum sp. on agronomic traits, yield components, and grain productivity, seeking to contribute technical information to soybean production systems. The experiment was conducted in a commercial field in the municipality of Victor Graeff, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2024/2025 summer growing season. The treatments evaluated were: T1 = control (no inoculation); T2 = liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum; T3 = Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis; T4 = Azospirillum brasilense; T5 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T3; T6 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T4; T7 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T3 + T4; and T8 = peat-based Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Inoculation and co-inoculation did not show statistically significant differences for most of the evaluated traits (plant stand, plant height, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield), with differences observed only for the number of pods and grains per plant. However, it is important to note that the experiment was affected by water scarcity, which negatively influenced plant development and limited the response to the microbiological treatments.