Efeito de diferentes espécies de Trichoderma no controle de patógenos habitantes do solo na cultura da soja

Abstract

Soybeans became one of the most important crops to the agribusiness world. But along with it, many barriers also emerged along the way, such as diseases, especially those caused by soil borne pathogens, which have significantly interfered in the development and productivity of the crop. These pathogens are considered difficult to control because many of them have resistance structures, allowing them to survive for a long time in the absence of their host. In view of this, the use of the chemical method in the control of these pathogens is currently quite contested, due to his inefficiency of control and its toxicity to the environment and to human health, in addition, other methods are also not as effective in the control of these pathogens. Thus, biological control appears as an alternative widely discussed in the control or in the reduction of the impacts generated by pathogens in several crops. Because of the precariousness of studies referring to biological control of pathogens from the soils in soybean crop, the present study was carried out using Trichoderma species in the control of pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sojae in the way in vitro and as in in vivo in a greenhouse. So, it was observed that some species of Trichoderma used, were able to inhibit the growth in vitro of the pathogens tested. In the tests in vivo, the use of Trichoderma proves to be effective in the control of soybean diseases caused by these pathogens, being T. asperellum the most suitable for the control of R. solani while T. harzianum UFFS was the most effective in reducing the severity of F. solani and P. sojae.