Identificação de variáveis culturais que influenciam nas perdas na colheita mecanizada da cultura da soja

Abstract

Soy is Brazil's crop that grew in the last three decades and is half of the area planted in grain in the country. It is one of the most important crops for the economy. The mechanical harvesting speed and introduces an important step in the production process of soy, yet significant losses observed during harvesting. The aim of this study was to quantify the losses in mechanical harvesting of the soybean crop in the region of Alto Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul, observing cultural variables from four different machines (L1 - New Holland Model 10 TC57, L2 - SLC, model 6200; L3 - SLC, 6200 and L4 - John Deere model 9470STS) with four forward speeds (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 km h-1). 16 samples were collected in each field, where losses were calculated by collecting all whole grains, and broken pods found in soil within the frame bounded by 2 m² sampling area. Then, he proceeded to count, weigh and found values were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance by Tukey test (a = 0.05). Found statistically significant correlation to productivity, number of pods, plant density, moisture and function in plant height of different speeds, it is concluded that these characteristics associated with inadequate regulation of harvesters exerted influence in losses.