Influência do índice de massa corporal (IMC) elevado durante a gestação na prevalência de diabetes gestacional e síndromes hipertensivas

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the influence of elevated body mass index on the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women cared for in Primary Health Care in Marau, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data from 364 pregnant women attended in 2019 in the municipal health network. Body mass index was classified as non-elevated (underweight and normal weight) and elevated (overweight and obesity). The outcomes analyzed were the occurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus, according to medical records. Statistical associations were evaluated using the chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.5 years, and 52.2% had an elevated body mass index. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 12.5% and gestational diabetes mellitus, 8.5%. Among women with non-elevated body mass index, 9.6% had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 4.3% had gestational diabetes mellitus; among those with elevated body mass index, the proportions were 16.6% and 10.7%, respectively. No statistically significant association was found between elevated body mass index and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (p=0.06) or gestational diabetes mellitus (p=0.08). Conclusion: Pregnant women with elevated body mass index had higher frequencies of the outcomes analyzed, although without statistically significant association. The results reinforce the importance of nutritional surveillance and qualified prenatal care in primary health care, contributing to the improvement of maternal health strategies in the local context.