A influência das diferentes abordagens dietéticas na progressão do câncer de próstata: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men, and nutritional factors have emerged as potential modulators of disease progression. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of different dietary approaches on prostate cancer progression. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2016 to 2025, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Observational and interventional studies assessing dietary patterns in relation to tumor progression outcomes were included. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria, addressing low-carbohydrate, ketogenic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets, as well as global dietary quality indices. Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets demonstrated prolonged prostate-specific antigen doubling time, while the Mediterranean diet showed a moderate but inconsistent protective effect. Plant-based diets were consistently associated with a reduced risk of disease progression, particularly among patients with high-grade tumors, whereas global indices such as the Healthy Eating Index and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension showed no significant associations. In conclusion, specific dietary interventions may play an adjuvant role in prostate cancer management, although further large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.