A justiça igualitária e a questão distributiva a partir do princípio de diferença nas obras de Rawls

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate, through bibliographic research in Rawls's main works such as A Theory of Justice, iberalism Political Liberalism, Justice as Fairness, and Distributive Justice: Some Addenda, the Rawlsian egalitarian conception, especially regarding the difference principle and the distributive consequences of this principle of justice concerning democratic equality. Initially, a reconstruction of the main moments of Rawlsian neo- contractualism will be carried out, namely, the development of proceduralism and the concepts of the original position, the veil of ignorance, and reflective equilibrium. This path is fundamental to understanding how Rawls arrives at the recognized egalitarian and distributive principle, the difference principle. Following this, the work focuses on analyzing some challenges faced by the difference principle. These challenges stem from the choice of the contracting agents, that is, the way in which the parties choose the principles seeking to guarantee a situation of satisfaction under the “maximin” rule. Furthermore, this work will also analyze the issue of citizens' reciprocity and the problem of motivating citizens considered more fortunate. Thirdly, it will examine issues related to ideal theory in the face of current democratic scenarios. Next, it will analyze the concept of property-owning citizens as an effective proposal for satisfying the principles of justice. Finally, through this work, it becomes evident that Rawlsian theory seeks to prevent political and economic freedom from working against democratic equality. That is, in Rawls, there is a concern that an egalitarian distribution sustains a project of democratic equality.