Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados por trombose venosa profunda no período de 2013 a 2023 em hospital terciário do norte gaúcho

Abstract

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is characterized by the formation of blood clots in the deep veins, usually of the lower limbs, which may progress to severe complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). It is a multifactorial condition associated with factors such as advanced age, prolonged immobility, surgeries, hormone use, comorbidities, and clinical conditions that favor venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for DVT in a tertiary hospital in northern Rio Grande do Sul between 2014 and 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, composed of patients hospitalized for DVT in a tertiary hospital in the municipality of Passo Fundo – RS, between January 2014 and December 2023. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, predisposing factors, medical history, and clinical outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records. Data analysis was performed using EpiData and PSPP (open-source), assessing absolute and relative frequencies of each variable studied. Results: Among the 324 patients included, there was a predominance of females (60.5%), age group 60–79 years (37.7%), and white race (85.7%). The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (37.3%), dyslipidemia (17.9%), and diabetes mellitus (12.7%). Previous hospitalizations were recorded in 67.3% of patients, mainly for vascular causes (41.3%). Only 4% reported use of hormonal contraceptives, and there was no record of hormone replacement therapy. Among patients with a surgical history (32.4%), orthopedic surgeries were the most common (33.3%). Length of stay was up to 10 days in 70% of cases. Complete resolution occurred in 88.9% of patients, while DVT recurrence was observed in 17%. PTE was recorded in 5.6% and post- thrombotic syndrome in 1.9%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.2%, with 73.9% of deaths occurring within the first year after diagnosis. Conclusion: The analysis showed that DVT predominantly affects elderly individuals, women, and patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, with underreporting of obesity and hormonal factors in clinical records. The findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis, risk stratification, and implementation of preventive measures to reduce complications and mortality associated with DVT.