Incidência da esquistossomose no Brasil no período de 2013 a 2023 e perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of public health importance caused by Schistosoma mansoni and transmitted through contact with water contaminated by cercariae from the intermediate host, snails of the genus Biomphalaria. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of schistosomiasis incidence in Brazil between 2013 and 2023 and to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological profile of the reported cases. This is a quantitative, observational, ecological, and descriptive study conducted using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). All confirmed cases of schistosomiasis during the period were included, totaling 46,574 records. The cumulative incidence rate over the period was 22.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The analyzed variables included sex, age, race/skin color, case outcome, clinical form, and federative unit of notification. The results showed a higher number of notifications in the Northeast and Southeast regions, with a concentration of cases in historically endemic states. The epidemiological profile revealed a predominance of males, individuals aged 20 to 39 years, and those of mixed race/skin color. Regarding outcomes, most cases evolved to cure, although a considerable number of deaths were still observed, especially those associated with severe clinical forms. The temporal analysis evidenced fluctuations in incidence rates throughout the historical series, with a decreasing trend in some states but persistently high levels in endemic areas. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, early diagnosis, and control strategies aimed at the most affected regions to reduce the disease burden and its complications.