Panorama dos casos de câncer do aparelho digestivo no estado de Santa Catarina de 2000 a 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Digestive tract cancer comprises neoplasms that affect the digestive tract and represents a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality, with marked epidemiological variations across regions. In western Santa Catarina, the Regional Hospital of the West (HRO), a UNACON reference for 131 municipalities since 2002, concentrates a substantial number of notifications, highlighting the importance of understanding the regional profile of these cases. Objective: To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of digestive tract cancer cases reported by high-complexity oncology services in Santa Catarina, Brazil (2000–2023), and to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of hospitalization rates for these cancers during the same period. Method: This study was conducted in two stages: (1) a cross-sectional analysis using individual data from the Hospital Cancer Registry (RHC) to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of notified cases; and (2) an ecological analysis based on hospitalization data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/DATASUS), adjusted by sex and age, examined through thematic mapping and spatial and spatiotemporal scan statistics. Results: The analysis revealed relevant geographic and temporal patterns that contribute to understanding the epidemiological profile of patients and to supporting health planning in the state. For nursing, these findings assist in recognizing care demands and improving clinical management for individuals diagnosed with digestive tract cancer. Conclusion: The results indicate regional disparities, distinct temporal trends, and areas of higher risk, reinforcing the importance of spatiotemporal surveillance and the strengthening of oncology care networks in Santa Catarina.