Perfil epidemiológico e microbiológico dos microrganismos isolados em pacientes internados em um hospital do oeste catarinense

Abstract

The present study consists of a descriptive and retrospective analysis aiming to examine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the main multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated in patients admitted to a Hospital in the West of Santa Catarina. The hospital environment is recognized as an important setting for exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, where the dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria, represents a serious threat to health and demands continuous surveillance and control strategies. The methodology employed was based on the analysis of 5,713 positive culture records for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, collected during a 21-month period (2024-2025) from the data of the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Variables such as the hospitalization sector, the infection site, the type of biological sample, and the result of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for key antimicrobials (Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Colistin, and Polymyxin B) were evaluated, in addition to the epidemiological classification. The results indicated an annual increase in the number of cases, with the Intensive Care Unit concentrating the highest incidence (22% to 27%). The predominant clinical classification was Community-Acquired Infection (51% to 53%), with urine and blood being the most frequent samples. It is concluded that the multidrug-resistance scenario in the studied institution is complex and of high clinical impact, reinforcing the need to intensify infection control strategies and promote the rational use of antimicrobials, highlighting the essential role of Nursing in the application and oversight of these good practices for patient safety.