Prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis no período gestacional e fatores relacionados em mulheres assistidas na atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy and to describe the sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and obstetric profile of affected pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 with women aged ≥12 years who had children up to 2 years old and were followed in Primary Health Care in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and obstetric variables were analyzed. The outcome was the occurrence of STIs during pregnancy. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies, and prevalence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: The sample included 382 women, predominantly aged between 18 and 35 years (84.1%), White (52.1%), with completed high school education (41.3%), and living in a stable union (73%). The prevalence of STIs was 4.45% (95% CI: 2.39–6.51), totaling 17 cases. Among affected women, unplanned pregnancy (64.7%), lack of paid employment (70.6%), and lower educational level were prominent. Anxiety disorders and comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity were also observed. Most women attended prenatal care (94.1%) through the public health system, with specialized follow-up (76.5%). Vaginal delivery (64.7%) and term births (82.4%) predominated. Conclusion: The prevalence was lower than that reported in the literature, possibly due to methodological limitations. Associations with social and reproductive vulnerabilities were identified, reinforcing the need to improve prevention, diagnosis, and management of STIs.