Hora de ouro: prevalência e fatores associados ao primeiro contato pele a pele da mãe com o bebê em usuárias do sistema único de saúde

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the Golden Hour, as well as the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the first skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, among users of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to December 2024 with women aged 12 years or older and children up to two years of age, who were receiving childcare follow-up at five Basic Health Units (UBS) in Passo Fundo, RS. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews at each UBS. The outcome was the prevalence of the Golden Hour, characterized by skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby in the first hour after birth. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables were evaluated as exposures. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (n, %), chi-square test for bivariate analyses, and Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The statistical significance level adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 377 mother-baby dyads were included. The prevalence of skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life was 79% (95%CI: 74.0–83.0). After adjustment, the following factors remained associated with the outcome: maternal skin color black, brown, indigenous, or yellow (p=0.039), number of children ≥2 (p=0.009), vaginal delivery (p<0.001), and Apgar score at 1st minute ≥7 (p=0.032). Conclusions: The prevalence of skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life was high in the studied population and was associated with sociodemographic and clinical factors, especially maternal characteristics and conditions related to delivery and the newborn. The findings reinforce the need to improve care during labor and birth, with emphasis on adopting practices that favor early contact between mother and baby.