Prevalência de dislipidemia e fatores associados em pacientes esquizofrênicos de um hospital psiquiátrico do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a cardiovascular risk factor associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced life expectancy. In patients with schizophrenia, its prevalence is higher than in the general population, further increasing health risks. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with schizophrenia hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records obtained at a psychiatric hospital in Rio Grande do Sul between March 2022 and August 2023. The outcome variable was dyslipidemia, while the other variables included sex, age, overweight, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of lipid-lowering medications, and use of antipsychotic medications. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 12.2%. Among patients with dyslipidemia, 86.4% were male, 31.8% were aged 60 years or older, 80% were overweight or obese, 50% had systemic arterial hypertension, 50% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 63.6% were smokers, and 45.5% consumed alcohol; 68.2% were taking simvastatin, and 45.0% were using atypical antipsychotics, with risperidone and haloperidol being the most frequently used antipsychotics in this group (27.3% each). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 12.2%. Among patients with dyslipidemia, there was a predominance of males, individuals aged over 60 years, and higher frequencies of overweight/obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of lipid-lowering medications, and atypical antipsychotics, particularly risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and clozapine.