Uso de bioinsumos na nutrição de trigo

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop of great global socioeconomic importance. In the face of the search for more sustainable systems and the reduction in the use of mineral fertilizers, bio-inputs stand out as an alternative to improve the nutritional efficiency of crops. This work evaluated the effect of inoculating wheat seeds with growth-promoting and nutrient-solubilizing microorganisms, isolated or in co-inoculation, on initial development and macronutrient absorption. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Erechim Campus, in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted ofT1: Azospirillum brasilense; T2:Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium; T3: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; T4: Trichoderma harzianum; T5: Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; T6: Azospirillum brasilense + Trichoderma harzianum; T7: Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; T8: Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum; T9: Azospirillum brasilense + Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium; T10: Azospirillum brasilense + Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; T11: Azospirillum brasilense + Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum; T12: Azospirillum brasilense + Bacilllus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; T13: without bioinput/with mineral fertilizer; T14: without bio-input/without mineral fertilization. All treatments received mineral fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), except T14. Plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers, shoot dry mass, and extraction of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were evaluated. The results demonstrated a positive effect of bio-inputs on the initial development of wheat, with T8 (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Trichoderma harzianum), T9 (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium), and T10 (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) showing the best performance in plant height, stem diameter, tillering, and absorption of N, P, and K. There was no difference in shoot dry mass. It is concluded that the co-inoculation of microorganisms favors the initial development and nutritional efficiency of wheat, being a promising strategy for the sustainable management of the crop.